6th week ( 20 Feb 2012 - 24 Feb 2012 )

Tittle of activity :

• Project research

http://www.honeywell-sensor.com.cn/prodinfo/sensor_ultrasonic/technical/98ib119.pdf

5th week ( 13 Feb 2012 - 17 Feb 2012 )

Tittle of activity :

• Project research.

ULTRASONIC DEAD ZONE 

Ultrasonic sensors have a ‘‘dead’’ zone in  which they cannot accurately detect the target. This is the distance
between the sensing face and the minimum sensing range. If  the target is too close, the tone burst’s leading edge can travel to the target and strike it before the trailing edge has left the transducer. Echo information returning to the sensor is ignored, because the transducer is still transmitting and not yet receiving. The echo generated could also reflect off the face of the sensor and again travel out to the target. These multiple echoes can cause errors when the target is in the dead zone.

MAXIMUM SENSING RANGE


Maximum sensing distance for each target and application is determined experimentally. Figures 3, 4 and 5 show sensitivity characteristics and typical sensing distance.

4th week ( 6 Feb 2012 - 10 Feb 2012 )

Tittle of activity :

• Summit project proposal.

Objective :

• Explain about concept of the project, material and equipment that have been use in the project.

Content/procedure :

1. ABSTRACT 
2. INTRODUCTION 
3. PROBLEM STATEMENT 
4. LITERATURE REVIEW 
5. METHODOLOGY 
6. OBJECTIVES 
7. BENEFITS / CONTRIBUTIONS
8. WORK PLAN 
9. BUDGET 
10. CONCLUSION 
11. REFERENCES 

Result and analysis :

• Explanation and briefly overview about my FYP project.

Reverse Sensor is a product that readily available in any commercial or private vehicles that alerts the driver about the presence of obstacles at the back while performing reversed. Reverse Sensor utilizes the principle of sonar or ultrasonic waves and is an ultrasonic measuring and warning system available for most cars, utilities and vans. Usually it provides the driver with an audible warning of any obstacle, unlike other audible warning devices currently used that warn the "obstacle" to get out of the way

There are many term that are describe the system that used to alert the driver when they reverse their vehicle. Some of the terms are parking radar, park distance control, reversing aid sensor system and many more. Even though their names are different, basically the aim of the device is to detect the obstacles while reversing the vehicle. The device is wired into the vehicle's reverse light circuit and is automatically powered and activated when the vehicle’s gear is shifted into reverse position. If there is any object behind the vehicle, the sensors will detect the object and bounce signals to the control unit. Audible output signals that changes in frequency will be produced as the vehicle get closer to an object.

3rd week ( 30 Jan 2012 - 3 Feb 2012 )

Tittle of activity :

• Function of Ultrasonic sensor.

Objective :

Study the circuit diagram and more about ultrasonic sensor.

Content/procedure :

1. Internet research ( google ).
2. Books of electrical or electronic system reference.

Result and analysis :

• Ultrasonic

        Sensor is a device that detects or measures a physical quantity. A transducer is a part of the sensor which converts the energy to be measured into another measurable form such as electrical signal. With the increase in automation of different processes, the need for sensors has increased dramatically. This is due to the need to measure different parameters of the process and then control the process automatically depending upon the values of these parameters. This need has also driven sensors to be located inside to the actual process enabling a real-time observation of the process parameters. In recent years, the miniaturization of sensors has also been stressed in order to make the sensors more efficient, faster and to be able to study local phenomena without affecting the actual process itself.

           Ultrasonic sensors measure the distance or presence of target objects by sending a pulsed ultrasound wave at the object and then measuring the time for the sound echo to return. Knowing the speed of sound, the sensor can determine the distance of the object.

  The way of ultrasonic sensor make a sense (1)

The way of ultrasonic sensor make a sense (2)

          The advantage of using ultrasonic sensor is that ultrasonic sensor was a non-contact sensor. It means that this sensor will not touch the target object when it operates. So it has less affected by target materials and surfaces. Ultrasonic sensor not only will measure the distance of the target object but it will also detect its presence. It also can detect and measure discrete distances of moving objects. On the other hand, the output of this sensor is analog because it uses a beam to detect an object. Ultrasonic sensor also not affected by color.